IGCSE Chemistry Practice Exam 2025 - Free IGCSE Chemistry Practice Questions and Study Guide

Ionic bonds are considered strong primarily due to the electrostatic attractions that exist between oppositely charged ions. When a metal atom loses electrons to become a positively charged cation and a non-metal atom gains those electrons to become a negatively charged anion, a strong force of attraction develops between these two ions. This attraction is a fundamental characteristic of ionic compounds, creating a stable lattice structure that requires significant energy to break apart.

The strength of the ionic bond can be attributed to the magnitude of the charges involved and the distance between the ions. The larger the charge of the ions, the stronger the electrostatic attraction, and consequently, the stronger the ionic bond. This is why ionic compounds often have high melting and boiling points, as substantial energy is necessary to overcome these strong electrostatic forces.

In contrast, the other options address aspects that are not directly related to the nature of ionic bonds. Shared electrons pertain to covalent bonds, which are fundamentally different in terms of bonding mechanism. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs, whereas ionic bonds do not. The statement regarding strong covalent bonds does not apply since it does not pertain to ionic bonds at all. Orbitals overlapping is also a characteristic associated with covalent bonding, further distinguishing